The most popular and legal online bookmakers that used to accept EntroPay were 888sports, Unibet, Betway, William Hill, and Paddy Power. These are the best Entropay alternatives. If these 3 options don't work for you, we've listed over 10 alternatives below. Chargeback-free because as a user, you: - Get a toditoCash voucher from, say, 7-Eleven, or whichever gas. Entropay is a prepaid virtual Visa card. Fear. Find your best replacement here. active 3 months ago Group Leadership Group Administrators. Month after month they take 20 dollars a month in dormancy fees, So account will never get used. Entropay is the solution to the most security-conscious gamblers, as it generates a virtual credit card under the visa umbrella that you can use wherever. In small batches, you can use whatever service you find on google search, but for professional use, nothing can beat them. Entropay offers VISA and MasterCard virtual prepaid credit cards, EntroPay is the simple, instant, global solution for making and receiving online payments. We have summarized the main advantages and disadvantages below. Messages. no gambling sites or anywhere else. Entropay has been closed services for Asian countries and this company was doing Good work for me. 3635 Express Dr N, Islandia, NY 11749, USA. Bish-bash-bosh – you’re done! Please keep in mind that Entropay is no longer accepting new registrations. If these 3 options don't work for you, we've listed over 10 alternatives below. Firstly, you can set up Entropay cards in multiple currencies, which may have an array of benefits for you. Hi BHW, @Apricot I am getting little to no answer on my last few posts. For instance, the following fees apply: Load an Entropay card from a personal debit or credit card – 4. I signed up with entropay about a year back & was using the cards to buy high value goods (2k$ to 5k$ each transaction) via paypal. Like Entropay, Paysafecard is a prepaid service which players must fund before funding their casino accounts. How To Make A Carrd Account : Aesthetic Carrd Co Tutorial Easy Quick Read Desc YoutubeNameMesh Alternative: Best and powerful name generator like this. Entropay is a payment method that could work for you at online. Entropay is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Ixaris Group Holdings Limited. EntroPay is an independent platform, but it can be considered as a subsidiary of Visa. Offering a convenient, secure, and easy-to-use method for deposits and withdrawals, Entropay virtual private payments provide a seamless gaming experience for players across India. Entropay Alternative; Entropay Card; What Is Entropay; What Is Entropy Quizlet; EntroPay is a virtual prepaid visa card that allows you to make instant and secure deposits into your LuckyNiki account. The concept of entropy provides deep insight into the direction of. If you find any alternative, please let me know. Aggiornato il: 14. I will update this post if I ever find an alternative. Me, and SOLO. EntroPay, a creation of Visa, presents a solution that entails a virtual prepaid debit card system that can be used privately. It creates virtual credit cards like Entropay. Depositing money in EntroPay and then using it to make casino transactions gave the much-needed secrecy. RBL Bank is one of the leading private sector banks in India and has branch networks mostly in south Indian states. Here, we discuss one of the newest payment options online and guide you to all the TOP casinos online in New Zealand that provide their option to handle your finances. “Any online casino will offer bettors real money gambling options on a range of games including casino table games, slots, sports betting sites and poker rooms. And, it was also the most preferred stage. PayPal: PayPal lets players deposit and withdraw money. With reviews, features, pros & cons of Entropay. 7yr ago. This is because Airtm is a digital wallet that can be used to buy various products. So, VCC is an alternative way for payment transactions on the internet. C# has many features that make it useful for this purpose, including C#’s type safety and C#’s use of the . entropay is a pre-paid virtual Visa card (and now Mastercard, too) that lets poker players make deposits to and withdrawals from their online poker accounts in seconds. The method is commonly accepted wherever VISA is accepted making it a widely available option. This is also other point to consider when you want to create a credit card online. no gambling sites or anywhere else. 997. Forums. Nov 14, 2017 #1 RonaldoEU Newbie. Used to use entropay a lot before it was shut down :( Reply reply. Online casinos that use Visas and accept players. It's not free, so if you're looking for a free alternative, you could try Amazon Pay or SuperPay. (10+) Best Entropay Alternative & Similar VCC Platforms In 2021; PKI Vs SSL: What Are The Major Differences And Similarities! 5+ Reasons Why Most Online Businesses Fail: The A-to-Z Guide! So we hope that you liked our article “5+ Essential tools for online business“. EntroPay is a prepaid account that gives you a Prepaid Virtual Visa Card which you can use to fund your SBOBET account. To fund the entropay vcc i use my bank account to send 3 dollars for example, then i am able to see the card number, and the details. EntroPay casinos should be your answer. There are a few factors which hold back Entropay from becoming the most preferred method of conducting transactions at online casinos. The best alternative is PayPal. . Entropay is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Ixaris Group Holdings Limited. If you are one of those who wanted to save a desired amount on the plumbing services then you need to connect with our executives available on our 24*7 helpline number. So, we register an account using the links below, choose to create a "Virtual Card", enter the desired. The benefits of an EntroPay casino in Canada are obvious: anyone unwilling to provide their credit card details to third parties in 2022 can pick a solid alternative. Reply from Entropay. EntroPay gives users a fast and easy method to transfer money and pay for items at millions of merchants worldwide. Reading Time: 15 minutes Entropay Casinos. Check out the table to quickly compare these alternatives to Payoneer: Provider Type of service Fees Time taken; PayPal: Payment gateway: 4. Any alternative to entropay? Discussion in 'Payment Processing' started by regester, Dec 12, 2010. Appreciate any thoughts or suggestions – thanks. The user-friendly platform supports betting, casino games, live dealer tables, and more. EntroPay has a lot of fees, associated with its services, unlike a lot of their competition. com Displaying 1 to 10 of 500 alternatives to Entropay. Using a prepaid entropay virtual visa card that works like any. So, if you can’t use a payment method, it doesn’t mean it’s the end. What Is a Virtual Credit Card? A virtual credit card is a service that allows online shoppers to mask their credit card’s sensitive information by using a uniquely generated card number, expiration date and security code as a proxy. If your main objective is purchase goods and services online without exposing your debit or credit card details, then Entropay is one the best PayPal alternatives out there. Entropay is it free?I migliori casinò Klarna del 2023 in Italia. Make a deposit ☑️, get a bonus ☑️ and enjoy real money games at the. active 2 months ago Group Leadership Group Administrators. Advantages of EntroPay. Unfortunately, it is impossible to make Entropay casino deposits and withdrawals at the moment as the company has no Visa license but it is not a reason to be frustrated. Neteller. Entropay account sign up. You will need to find an alternative means of payment since new EntroPay casinos are no longer valid. Obviously Entropay need to make their money somewhere, but their fees have to be considered high, to the point of being excessive, when compared to alternative deposit options. As such players have been forced to use other online casino payment methods. TransferWise is a good solution for cross-border money transfer without having to pay a huge sum. (10+) Best Entropay Alternative & Similar VCC Platforms In 2022; So hope that you like this article What is GDPR? And how to comply with it in the EU. These sites are generally outstanding in terms of game provision, bonuses, and even sports betting. what are the other alternatives of entroypay . You will regret after buying this clone phone. Please try to response on it positively. All of our recommended top Entropay casinos have had no other choice but to offer an alternative payment method after the company closed in. There are many Entropay alternatives available over the web. EntroPay is a pre-paid virtual credit card that works in much the same way as VISA. The best casinos that accept EntroPay deposits are not just about offering safe payments to you as a member. EntroPay gives users a fast and easy method to transfer money and pay for items at millions of merchants worldwide. Please note that while a casino may accept a deposit in entropay, it doesn. entropay. So, it is no longer available for the users. PayPal. Alternative Methods and Entropay's Future Entropay has been a popular payment method for Canadian online casinos due to its ease of use, flexibility, and strong security measures, such as 128-bit encryption and military-level cryptographic methods. Search titles only By: Search Advanced search…Entropay's success left a legacy on the online payment market, though. Staff member. Netteller is perfect for those users who use. Next Last. Jul 4, 2019 #2 Jul 4, 2019 #2 upay have virtual card service but i believe you need to be from eu . Flattr Features. Is Entropay down? Check all entropay. Just like Payoneer, the virtual credit card is free but there is a percentage cost on your purchases. 95%; Receive money from a merchant onto an Entropay card – 1. The UK company. Entropay 2. Based off of these style concepts from a while back. Entropay was the first virtual pre-paid card available in Europe and is aimed mainly at the security conscious amongst us who want to be able to fund online accounts without sharing bank details directly. For these players, the obvious alternative to Entropay s to simply use a credit or debit card. · A 3. Entro Pay Deposit Casino AU. The online casino payment options continue on with our review of the alternative e-wallet that is EntroPay. Entropay Alternative; Entropay; What is Entropay? Entropay NEVER worked on the processor i tried to use, e-mails unanswered from entropay. This platform is called Lxaris System Ltd. com. Free virtual credit card (2021 updated list, entropay alternatives). Analyze websites like entropay. Do any of you been able to find any working alternatives to Entropay ? Thanks for the share. Suggest and vote on features You will need to find an alternative means of payment since new EntroPay casinos are no longer valid. This is because Airtm is a digital wallet that can be used to buy various products online. Alternative payment method reviews. Skrill’s main business offering concerns its online payment solutions. A safe way to spend online without disclosing your credit card information. Date of experience: September 04, 2018. Casiplay offers over 500 games across a range of Slots, Live Dealer, Blackjack, Baccarat, Roulette, and Scratch Cards. They have been providing VCCs for years. Licensing Proprietary and Commercial product. Today, Entropay is leading the fintech. What is EntroPay? EntroPay is an online account that gives you a prepaid. Analyze websites like entropay. 1. Promoted Latest Best Casinos Bonus Rating Trust Rating Game Rating Usability Rating See review. As the best Entropay alternative for a virtual prepaid card, we suggest you use Skrill, which among other services, also provides you with the possibility to obtain a virtual prepaid card. Revolut was my alternative to Entropay, but I cannot use them now. Skrill. 117625. It uses the system of local banks to send money across different countries. The best. EntroPay cards are available in many countries, including Australia. All Entropay Betting Sites ⏩ Why you should avoid online betting with Entropay ⏩ Entropay online bookmakers list(10+) Best Entropay Alternative & Similar VCC Platforms In 2021; So, friends, I hope that you have liked our article Why You Need Cyber Security for Small Businesses. Entropay is no longer available as of 1st July 2019. Choose Entropay when prompted with payment choices. 95% fee when depositing funds onto your Virtual Visa by a debit or credit card. ::::: payoneer deosnt offer virtual credit card to normal users neteller virtual credit card. 1,109 people have already reviewed Entropay. 3. Detto questo, le carte di credito, i. As Y'all know that Entropay is no longer an option for people outside EEA countries. ⁵. For example, if you transfer $10, a fee of about $0. You can generate unlimited free VCC from Entropay with your location address. Here are a few examples: Neteller: Several online casinos accept Neteller, making it a popular payment option for gamers who prefer not to use other methods. Flattr Features. Bob Robe. Semrush Rank: 2,994,824 Facebook ♡: 2,870. NOTE: Entropay Virtual Credit cards can be used to Confirm Paypal and also be used for shopping with Paypal. Find Similar websites like easyrupee. The likes of Paysafecard, PayPal and EcoPayz are all popular options with casino players, but their availability will vary according to which country you're in. The payment method was created with the intention of offering a universally accessible electronic payment alternative. Depositing at an online casino with a credit or debit card has many advantages, not least. 10 sites like NETELLER. The other security features for the credit card include the CVV2 number. Entropay It' been more than 45 days & i haven't received the goods. Please note that while a casino may accept a deposit in entropay. EntroPay is an online account that gives users a safe method to pay wherever VISA is accepted, using a prepaid EntroPay Virtual VISA card that works like any other VISA debit card. When Entropay started life it offered a unique product, a pre-paid VISA card that could be used to add funds to betting sites. Current WPTDeepStacks High Roller Top 10. Free Spins On Sign Up; 10 Free Spins; 20 Free Spins; 25 Free Spins; 30 Free Spins; 40 Free Spins; 50 Free Spins; 60 Free Spins; 80 Free Spins; 100 Free Spins; 200 Free Spin; 500 Free Spins; Casino Bonuses. Best Alternative to Entropay. So I know there talk about privacy. And if you still have any questions and suggestions related to this,. I've been receiving PMs from at least 3 different people asking me the exact same thing over the past couple of months. In any circumstances, when you require a virtual visa card in only seconds then EntroPay is the best among all VCC. Entropay is a payment method that could work for you at online. Although they do carry a high loading commission, but Entropay is probably the only virtual card service which is open to anybody and is usable internationally. And thank you so much for reading this articleCopy your robots. but unfortunately, EntroPay has officially closed its business after VISA canceled their partnership in 2019. you will gain so much more subscribers. This Event will be active only on 23rd December 2021 . EntroPay is a UK based provider of prepaid payment cards. ) Transfer from 3rd party apps: Venmo to Movo bank, Paypal to MOVO bank, Cash App to MOVO bank, WorldRemit to MOVO bank and many more and spend instantly. Entropay alternative please? : r/Entrepreneur r/Entrepreneur • 5 mo. Paid Braintree Payments is a payment making and receiving a solution. First, you can create an ad that runs directly on the Pinterest page and then shares a link back to your website/blog in the ad’s resource box. com alternatives view website. Aside from that, they also have a seamless connection with cutting-edge technologies like Apple Pay. com top alternatives and find potential or emerging competitors. Great content & thanks for sharing. You have the power to be your own virtual bank right in the App. Entropay. The issue I was facing when using an Entropay virtual credit card number was the following : the card is declined by some websites/services because they detect it's an Entropay card (based on the first 4 digits. Entropay Says: March 18th, 2021 at 3:36 am. Here’s a brief Payoneer mastercard review of the key features: Fee-free Purchases - Use the debit card to make fee-free purchases in USD, EUR, GBP, and CAD and in supported countries. 6 Alternatives to Entropay you must know. Learn about financial highlights, market share, authorized activities, contact data,. Entropay is a famous payment method that is easy to operate,. This platform has been ceased all of its services. The virtual cards below have been the best Entropay alternative in 2023. Visa has its analog of E-wallet — Entropay. Entropay as a payment system was spread out geographically across over 100 countries, however, the cards attached to the wallet could technically be used at any merchant that accepts Visa, which made it a very accessible alternative to punters everywhere. Unfortunately they then decided to start refusing transactions from Lebanese Banks and close Lebanese accounts. Here are a few examples: Neteller: Several online. I trying to found alternative this Company which in i could make Virtual cards without fee or with 0. If you also use Skrill for that, it could be worth considering for international transfers too. Entropay casino payments – guide for deposits, withdrawals & new sites 2022. Account lays dormant because one can not use the Entropay nor withdrawal or cancel. Play with ease using Entropay 💳 ️ Our comprehensive guide features the top Entropay casinos in Canada, complete with reviews and bonuses. EntroPay is a virtual wallet that is connected with both Visa and MasterCard, meaning that this payment system benefits from the wide acceptability of both financial services. There are many Entropay alternatives available over the web. And if you still have any questions and suggestions related to this, then you can tell us in the. Remember, you’d have a lot more online casinos to choose from simply by switching to one of these three banking. A big number of bloggers are using it for purchasing domains and hosting. Discover the full list of entropay. All money remaining on your Entropay cards will be deposited into your Entropay wallet. Entropay was part of the Ixaris Group. Connect your account to your bank card or alternative banking method. Hi BHW, @Apricot I am getting little to no answer on my last few posts. EntroPay is trusted with millions of online casino transactions. Getting solutions from a Cheap Plumbers In Ohio can be a dream for most of the individuals. ( 10 votes) Some variations, called Buy-Your-Pay Slots, won’t allow you to win certain amounts or activate certain features unless you increase your coin value. All of our recommended top Entropay casinos have had no other choice but to offer an alternative payment method after the company closed in 2019. Have used entropay, and had a good overall experience. it is one time i think but i cant see it may be because im also not verified thereSpin casino is the highest scoring Canadian casino in our review. But there are great alternatives you may like. 4 Crowns – players get a 400% matching bonus for up to £2000. Now it's not supporting non-EU citizens and I am looking a replacement. Call the credit card company you used to fund the account and file claims against each transaction used to top up the entropay account. 1 of 2 Go to page. Thanks to its virtual and secure nature, Entropay has become one of the favorite options for players seeking a convenient way to gamble online. The best Payment Processing alternative to Entropay is PayPal. Entropay has officially announced its closure come 1 July 2020. Check Entropay, you can generate vcc there and add money from paypal to it. entropay is a pre-paid virtual Visa card (and now Mastercard, too) that lets poker players make deposits to and withdrawals from their online poker accounts in seconds. The majority of these casino operators. com competitors and Alternatives. CaLViN Active Member. The so-called roulette element is. Pay attention that Google can easily know it's an entropay card from the card BIN number (issuer). ALTERNATIVES TO ENTROPAY Casino FOR CANADIAN GAMBLERS. These mobile gambling options work on Android, iPhone and other smartphones, as well as iPads and tablets. Check out our guide on how to use EntroPay and find best EntroPay casinos with Citeulike. com Facebook ♡: 78 Categories: Business/Financial Services, Computers/Internet/Web Design and Development, Business/Telecommunications, Finance/Banking, Finance and Banking Entropay Alternative 2023 Since Entropay virtual credit card is not no longer available, many people are looking for Entropay alternatives. Entropay virtual prepaid visa cards are reloadable and disposable, and they can be created. Card (both sides). After buying a clone phone, you will always be afraid that someone may ask me to check it, some real iphone user may not ask me to use the phone. Triomphe – receive a 300% matching bonus for up to £1000. Also please help me to know the cost. Multiple Currencies As of today, you can use these virtual Visas to make payments in in USD, EUR or GBP in any online shop that accepts Visa. 99%. Entropay is widely recognized as a trusted payment method known for its user-friendly operation, the preservation of personal information, and the secure handling of transactions. Virtual credit cards are not an alternative to a traditional credit card account. Aug 9, 2018 196 75 28 Visit. This prepaid card offers players complete freedom in payment while ensuring enhanced. Next Last. Anyway, EP froze worldwide new users. You can withdraw your money from your wallet to your bank account or to an existing debit or credit card. In addition to shopaholics, VCC can be used for freelancers. Thread starter K114a;MOVO Pay® is our super fast private peer-to-peer-POS payments that offers send, spend, and receive all through a Mastercard® experience. mazzika1985 Regular Member. Here VCC (virtual credit card) services were. com Analytics and market share drilldown here. Best Entropay Payment Alternatives. Entropay offers VISA and MasterCard virtual prepaid credit cards, EntroPay is the simple, instant, global solution for making and receiving online payments. Entropay is not available for Windows but there are some alternatives that runs on Windows with similar functionality. Find the best online casino accepting an alternative to Entropay. Hi, I used Entropay payment service to pay for my family account. First up, we have credit and debit cards. Using a prepaid entropay virtual visa card that works like any. Joined Jan 19, 2015 Messages 11 Reaction score 1. I signed up with entropay about a year back & was using the cards to buy high value goods (2k$ to 5k$ each transaction) via paypal. com competitors and alternatives. e. Your personal information will never be revealed because they will be registered in advance when you create your EntroPay online account. Entropay is an alternative online casino payment solution that players in South Africa can use for completing deposits and cashouts. This can be for a number of. com has searched the web and identified tons of high-quality visa and money sites like Entropay. Here is a List of Top 10 Alternative Of Entropay Similar sites and Apps: 1. It was shut down in July 2019 so you simply can’t deposit with Entropay and conduct any payments. Top 5 Entropay Alternatives for Online Casinos. Entropay is a prepaid virtual Visa card that enables Canadian online casino players to fund their accounts securely and which is also easy and convenient to use. Ways to Advertise On Pinterest! There are two ways to advertise on Pinterest. 24/7 account management and full access to your funds anytime, anywhere. Banks have started to offer virtual cards as part of their service as well. instantvirtualcreditcards. “Yes – most online casinos offer bettors apps or instant-play through mobile web browsers. Online Gambling Experts. Opening an account with them is free, but there seems to be a price tag for every other service they offer. While Entropay was an available payment method, depositing was one of the quickest and most intuitive services they. 2. What are the similar quality alternatives which have lower rates. Sometimes, Entropay may fail to satisfy your needs. Entropay charges a fee of 4. This system was particularly useful for those that like to track and control their gambling spending separately to their main bank account. Fortunately, you will find that Paysafecard, Visa, Revolut and Klarna are excellent Entropay alternatives. Also please help me to know the cost. Entropay is a secure payment option that gives you more control of your gambling budget. It functioned like normal debit cards where a user would fund the card from another source before […]The EntroPay alternative system uses 128-bit data. No Deposit Bonuses; No Wagering Bonuses; By type. It's not free, so if you're looking for a free alternative, you could try Groestlcoin or Fortumo Mobile Payments. Entropay Casinos (2023) Casinos Accepting Entropay - AskGamblers . S. Entropay Alternatives PayPal Features. In questa pagina vi offrirò l’analisi dei casinò Klarna. Thus, many people choose. I ONLY used the cards for buying goods via paypal. Joined Jan 19, 2015 Messages 11 Reaction score 1. Displaying 1 to 10 of 500 alternatives to Entropay . (No 1) Blogger Robots. 1. 95% on any fundings you make from a credit or debit card, and 1. If your main objective is purchase goods and services online without exposing your debit or credit card details, then Entropay is one the best PayPal alternatives out there. This is a virtual card for online shopping. Yes I used one in UK also so I am pretty sure it is available in a lot of countries. Definire le migliori però è soggettivo, perché ognuna ha punti di forza che si adattano meglio o peggio alle caratteristiche di gioco dei singoli utenti. Entropay Account Alternatives. Any working. Plus, it removes the hassle of transferring those funds to an external account before you can use them. Hello, I want to signup for an account with Prepaid Virtual Visa Card, Online Prepaid Cards, Virtual Credit Cards from EntroPay and wonder if someone can tell me if this is a legit company and if there are any problems with larger amounts you either receive to their account or send from their. One of those companies that think they have right to charge without any service provided. Messages: 29 Likes Received: 0 Best Answers: 0 Trophy Points: 36 #1. Best Betting Sites to Use Entropay. Entropay Alternatives. This platform has been ceased all of its services. AsiaPay88 is one of the best alternative poker deposit options available to East and. Deposit and withdrawal limits for Entropay and other Visa products vary from casino to casino. Are you looking for top alternative Entropay Casinos or similar e-wallets to gamble with online? Find it all in our Entropay Review! Table of Contents Best Entropay. Then Entropay charged 3. Stripe Inc. We confidently state that playing at any respectable best EntroPay casino site is a great option. com estimated website worth is $ 17,400. Edit your robots. Public Group. But could not found for my Asian Country. However, if you prefer to have a physical card or an e-wallet that you have already linked to your bank account when you come to making a bet on your selected games with bookies, then you may want to pay and bet. What Are Some Alternatives for Aussie Players? We live in a time of information technology. Entropay is a viable alternative to many of the other payment methods out there. Let's MOVO. Payoneer. EntroPay: Online gamblers and shoppers had the option of using EntroPay, a payment system based on a virtual prepaid VISA card. txt Generator tool. com EntroPay is an alternative payment provider designed to convert lost. (10+) Best Entropay Alternative & Similar VCC Platforms In 2021; How To Promote Business on Pinterest | The A-to-Z Guide for Beginners! (30+) Website Like Photofunia For Free (Full Details) So, friends, I hope you liked our 4+ Areas of how software improves business efficiency article. Its primary goal was to provide consumers with a way to pay online or over the phone regardless of their location or credit history. Although these casinos no longer offer the casino online Entropay payment system, you’ll find a varied list of reliable alternative payment methods which you can use when you want to transfer money into your casino account and retrieve your winnings too. com for free in terms of their online performance: traffic sources, organic keywords, search rankings, authority, and much more. We know Entropay has stopped working! These free virtual credit cards really work and have been verified by me! I present to your attention the easiest schemes for sniffing your CC via VCC. Internet users still needed a reliable digital wallet to store their funds, and many impressive alternatives had sprung up in the meantime. There is no deadline to withdraw your money; although your Entropay cards will be deleted, your Entropay wallet will remain active after 31 October. EntroPay Review – Pay with a Virtual Visa Card Entropay Reviews Read Customer Service Reviews of Website: Address: 52 Grosvenor Gardens, London, SW1W 0AU, United Kingdom Contact: [email protected]. Entropay offers VISA and MasterCard virtual prepaid credit cards, EntroPay is the simple, instant, global solution for making and receiving online payments. You could create cards with any name and delete with a few clicks. Entropay Casinos Offering a convenient, secure, and easy-to-use method for deposits and withdrawals, Entropay virtual private payments provide a seamless gaming experience for players across the UK. Simple as that ! You can google search the list of countries to withdraw to cc for example: italia, romania, phillipines, etc and create a paypal account to that country. ”. Entropay utilizes products like Google, Hotjar in their tech stack.